MGMT 331 Week #6 Paper Essay Example

MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper Essay MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper Name: Institution: MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper We will write a custom essay sample on MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Leader rewards and punishment behavior help leaders rally their followers around their causes or objectives. Rewards issued appropriately (at the right time and for the right reason) help motivate workers and followers. These rewards can be special recognition for a follower’s effort and exemplary work or pay increments for commendable work. On the other hand, punishment is used to stop undesirable behavior within followers. Punishment works by making the offender cease the subject behavior and by working as a deterrent against such behavior within the other workers or followers. It is important to understand how rewards and punishments work to implement them successfully. Using rewards and punishment effectively can help leaders motivate and drive their followers. In an organization, this drive would help increase productivity, and this would benefit the organization. One interesting thing in the text was the concept of contingent rewards and punishments. The basic idea in the concept is that the issuance of a punishment or a reward must be reliant on the recipient’s actions. This means that when issuing a punishment or reward, a leader must clearly explain why the follower received the said punishment. This way, the worker will know what is needed of them so they can get more rewards or avoid further punishment (Howell Costley, 2006). Another interesting idea in the text is that of consistent monitoring of worker’s progress and behavior. This goes hand in hand with the concept of contingent punishment. Leaders need to monitor their followers constantly so that they can be able to track progression and regression. This will then determine the issuance of rewards and punishment. The third interesting issue in the chapter is the idea of looking at a leader’s use of rewards and punishments as a â€Å"process of social exchange between the leader and the followers† (Howell Costley, 2006, p. 171). By controlling the rewards, the leader has something that the workers want. On the other hand, good performance by the workers is something that the leader wants. This creates an unwritten contract between the two parties where each provides what the other desires (Howell Costley, 2006). The interesting thing about the concept of contingent rewards and punishment is the idea that a punishment or a reward is ineffective if the follower does not clearly understand the reason it was given. It is important for a leader to make sure that followers are sure about their reason for being punished. In a leadership position, I would make sure that communication between my workers and me is excellent so that punishments and rewards can have the desired effect. This would also help create a good understanding between my workers and me. The idea of constant monitoring is compelling because it explains why most organizations have ineffective reward and punishment systems. The main concept in this case is that the constant monitoring helps leaders be sure about the workers who deserve rewards and those who need to be punished. Few organizations monitor their workers constantly meaning they fail to note progress or regress. As a leader, I would make sure that the work done by my fol lowers is constantly monitored noting down improvements, successes and failures. This way, workers are not wrongly punished or rewarded. The idea of looking at rewards and punishments as part of a social exchange is interesting in that most people do not share this perspective. Most organizations see rewards and punishments as part of a carrot-stick approach. As a leader, I would ensure that my followers understand that the use of rewards and punishment is of mutual benefit and that neither party is exploiting the other, as is the case in carrot stick situations. The use of contingent punishment and rewards is seen in military structures where promotions and demotions are directly related to performance and effort. This helps soldiers understand that there is an obvious correlation between the two. Soldiers will then know what they need to do to be rewarded and what they should not do to avoid punishment. Military systems also use constant monitoring to help with the issuance of rewards and punishments. Soldiers are always in direct contact with their superior officers and this gives the superior officers a chance to monitor the soldiers. This way, the right soldiers are always promoted or demoted. Motorola’s past chairperson, Robert Galvin, exercised the use of rewards and punishments as a form of social exchange. Workers could earn bonuses of up to 41percent for achieving set targets. These high bonuses made the workers added effort worthwhile. The relationship between the leadership and the workers became mutually dependent as both benefited from each other. References Howell, J. P., Costley, D. L. (2006). Understanding behaviors for effective leadership. New Jersey: Prentice hall. When How Becomes What Name: Course: Date: When How Becomes What One of the most fundamental beliefs and principles of Hideo Sasaki is that of the need for different professionals within the design, architecture, and landscape to collaborate and work together. Sasaki advocates the idea of integration of different disciplines. This involves the professionals having an open mind about architecture and design. Professionals are not only involved in planning and following the requirements and guidelines of their profession, but they should also think critically and have an open inquiry involving different people with diverse ideas. Architecture does not only involve putting up structures, but it also involves examining other aspects of architecture, which many professionals tend to forget. This includes examining and recognizing the importance of maintaining the surrounding community’s culture and history, as well as the social context. Professionals should also ensure that they take care of the economic and geographical context of the surround ing regions. This will ensure that they capture the important factors that matter to the community, and that people do not just recognize them for the structures they put up, some of which may not benefit the community in any way. When how becomes what involves recognizing the important elements of life, which, in addition to professional and up-to-date structures, also recognize the elements of humanity. As much as people admire tall and complex buildings and designs, they also want to feel a part of the process. They want to feel that they have contributed something towards the completion of the project. They recognize the efforts of the professionals, when part of their culture and the geographical elements of their surroundings make up part of the professional work. They feel that they own part of the structures, and that their culture is worth recognizing. In addition, communities want buildings that will recognize their abilities. They will have more appreciation and recognition for designs and structures that embody their economic contexts. People have different perspectives of issues when they have an open mind. Moreover, the interdisciplinary approach encourages the sharing of ideas and it is essential during the brainstorming process. Professionals from different disciplines are able to assess each other’s work critically, correct each other, and give advice and recommendations. This helps in developing wholesome designs, which serve different purposes. It leads to the creation and development of structures, which are different from the usual designs of the practice. This brings out something new, unique, and original to the industry. This has revolutionized the different industries in the field of design. It would not be possible to leave legacies without the implementation of such ideas. The integration of different disciplines in design has led to changes in the industry. This has included changes in architecture, and landscape design. There has been an increasing concern regarding different issues such environmental concerns and this has led to the development and design of products that are environmentally friendly. It has led to the incorporation of technology. Digital technology in design has made work easier and it has eased some of the processes in design work. In addition, it has led to increased collaboration among different professionals because it has eased the communication process. This integration has led to increased awareness of the issues affecting the community, and this has contributed to the designers looking for different ways to enhance and make people’s lives better. People are able to learn more from each other and from other regions. Their sources of knowledge are not just confined to their areas of practice and learning, but they are also forced to look beyond their countries and learn from other regions.

Zoology Research Paper Writing Recommendations for College Students

Zoology Research Paper Writing Recommendations for College Students A Zoology research paper is a form of written communication in which the author succinctly presents and interprets information gathered during the process of investigation. Writing a research paper in Zoology is similar to the writing papers in many other scientific disciplines except that the format of the project and the grading criteria will differ. Make sure to use the following zoology research paper guide as well as refer to the writing recommendations provided by the course tutor. Pre-Writing Stage Before you write your Zoology research paper, build a solid outline that will logically present the info that supports each of your conclusions. Make sure to organize the data into tables and figures to ensure all the evidence is provided in a logical order. Some researchers prefer to create a draft by simply putting down all of their ideas with a little regard to the sentence structure and to fix them later. Others tend to revise their content as they proceed. Paper Format The format of the Zoology research paper is usually based on the scientific method and is organized to provide the reader with an opportunity to comprehend the key points of the research. The traditional format required in all Zoology classes consists of the Title, the Abstract, the Into, the Methods, the Results, the Discussion, and the Literature Cited segments. The heading of every section (the introduction, the abstract, the results and so on) should be capitalized, centered and placed with the body of every section immediately following. Title Place the title of your project along with your name at the top of the first page. If any of other classmates took part in the research process, you should also list their names. The latter should be included below your name. Plus, scientific titles should also reflect your results. If there are no results found during the research, ensure that your title clearly demonstrates that. For instance: ‘Unexpected Diversity within the Javan Slow Loris Trade: Implications for Slow Loris Taxonomy By: John Smith Michael Boners, Blair Williams and Tora Jones’ Here, the title of the Zoology research paper clearly states three things: the specific organism being measured (Javan Slow Loris); the response of the organism (Taxonomy) and the current situation that was observed (implications). Abstract The abstract is a brief summary of the research. The segment should be one paragraph long and include no more than 250 words. Abstracts are usually comprised of a sentence of background, short and clear statements of the hypothesis, some precisions, the two sentences that describe the methods and the results of the research. The final sentence goes about the conclusions of your research. In case of the Zoology research paper with the ‘Behavioral Responses of Whales and Dolphins to the Dead Conspecifics’ title, the Abstract would look pretty much like the following: ‘The scientific study of death within the taxa-comparative thanatology is dedicated to the psychological, behavioral and physiological responses to the dead conspecifics, as well as a range of processes that stand behind these responses. Some of the species that inhabit the cetaceans are known to take care of, be aroused by, attend to or be interested in the dying or dead creatures. We’ve studied the patterns and variation in cetacean responses to the dead conspecifics all over the clade. We’ve examined 85 records reported between 1980 and 2018, including 20 of 88 extant cetacean creatures. We have taken a properly weighted comparative approach in order to monitor the chosen cetacean species and found that toothed cetaceans (odontocetes) were much more likely than baleen whales (mysticetes) to attend to the dead or dying individuals. According to the research results, dolphins (93% of all records) had the greatest occurrence of the so-called attentive behavior in contrast to the average of all other cetacean clades.’ Choose Your Zoology Research Paper Topic: Tips from Our Experts The diversity of the topics makes Zoology the kind of science where every high school, college and university student can find something relevant to his/her studies and related to his/her interests. In the list given below you will be able to find the most suitable topic and generate original work based on one: The Industrial Pollution: Zoological Implications on Species Development in N Region. Whether you prefer Gloucestershire, Nevada, Rio de Janeiro or Edinburg – ensure to pick the region and talk about the zoological implications on species development there. Psychological Effects of Animals Taken from Natural Habitat. What are they? How to help the natural habitats to get accustomed to the completely new environment? The American Buffalo: The Impact of Western Historical Expansion. If you think you can easily handle the History paper, go on and blend it with the Zoology aspects! Understanding Animal Behavior among Predators. No matter how cruel the issue may seem to you, the topic will be interesting for your college mates. Evolution of Turtle. These magnificent creatures come in many different sizes and face the threat of extinction. Contact the passionate researchers, who work with the sea turtles and definitely have something to say about the long path these animals have come. Brain Size and Species Intelligence. Do you think there is a certain connection between these parameters? If yes (or no), tell your target readers what you (or the scientists) have to say. Herbivorous vs. Carnivorous Animals. How can we recognize them? Vegetarians. Should People Stop Eating Meat for the Sake of Animals? Do you think you can survive without your favorite bacon pizza? Provide a detailed research paper, if you do. Reasons Why Nowadays Many Areas of Animal Life Are Preserved in Museums. Sad but true. Many magnificent animals of the past can be seen only in museums at the moment. Use your research to give the reason why. Are Dogs Really Our Best Friends? If you happen to be a cat person, you definitely have something to say. Hunting: Yay or Nay? The reality is that this barbarian habit is still allowed all over the globe. The question is about the animals that are not killed for food, but for fun only. Parasites and Disease: Reveal the Connections. Without a doubt, this topic isn’t quite appetite provoking, but you’ll have many interesting discoveries while conducting your research. Introduction The introduction section concisely describes the key purpose of your research, as well as informs your readers on why you’ve actually done this work. Your task here is to briefly review the past research on the issue with enough background info needed to orient your audience (you accomplish this by a literature search of primary, peer-reviewed materials). Keep in mind that the background info provided must be properly referenced (check the how to cite references section). Check out the following right and wrong Zoology research paper introductions to ensure you got the idea: The right way to compose an introduction: ‘Over 3 000 years ago a strange looking but very useful animals were domesticated by people of Arabia. It was the Arabian camel – a huge beast having long legs and one hump on its back. The ungainly animal could cross hot desserts without drinking much water and, what was especially useful, it could carry heavy loads without getting tired for a long time. The Bactrian camel that has two humps and lives in the central Asia was also domesticated long time ago. The animal turned out to be sturdier than the Arabian one and could easily carry heavier loads.’ The wrong way to create the introduction: ‘Many years ago people decided to domesticate camels. They were huge and had humps that enabled them to cross deserts and didn’t need much water.’ From this broad introductive part, you’re required to focus down to the specific research topic on the chosen topic: ‘According to the most recent researches, the substantial shared genetic variation was found in modern camels except for a single genetically distinct animal that has been isolated on the territory of Eastern Africa. The researchers found that domesticated camels’ populations originated from the wild populations – extinct at the present moment – on the Southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula that tallies with previously performed archaeological researches.’ The Body The body of a Zoology research paper includes the development of the argument provided together with the essential information needed to sustain a reasonable conclusion. Ensure to divide the body of your project into the separate sections. It’s up to you to decide how many of those you think it’s appropriate to provide. Think about what these paper segments should be and start each with a clear indication if its purpose. The proper use of headings will provide your text with helpful signposts to the target audience. Ensure you’re consistent in the use of the headings. Provide examples to support the points you’re trying to make as well as include your own comments to let the readers know why this or that point is important. Quotations are a must for a Zoology research paper, but an academic project that looks like a list of quotations won’t help you to get the desired grades. The key is to be highly selective when it comes to the quoted materials and carefully choose the issues you think you should provide in your assignment. Make sure you don’t just jump around the issues raised by your research question. If you find yourself doing this, ensure to take the other look at your plan to find out whether there’s an adjustment to it that you can make to avoid this. The key aspect you have to keep in mind lies in the fact that all statements must be backed up by authority or evidence. That’s an absolute must when it comes to the Zoology research paper writing. Finally, you need to make certain the information of the body section reflects exactly what you have pointed out in the introduction. If you see that it doesn’t, it’s time to revise one of the other†¦or both if needed. The Conclusion Now it’s time to draw the threads of your argument together. Remember that in a conclusive section you’re not supposed to repeat the arguments provided before or re-state the introduction. The final part of your Zoology research paper should be focused on the question that you’ve specified and inform the readers on how you have answered the question. Avoid any new argument in the conclusive part of the paper. The good example of the conclusion for the Zoology research paper on ‘Parasite Load Disease in Wild Animals’: In addition to the increased mortality from the causes that are possibly more painful, parasites tend to decrease the quality of life of their hosts, from minor malnutrition to serious tissue damage. A range of metrics (especially the experimental manipulations of parasite levels) suggest that animals are better off not having been parasitized. Moreover, they appear to be ubiquitous – the majority of wild animals have those all the time. Due to this, while there’s still much to learn about the parasitism, the impact and scale of it suggests that in wild life parasitism is one of the most significant causes of suffer. Easing the animals suffering from parasitism seems probably controllable as a cause area in its own right and should be taken into consideration when investigating the other measure to ease wild-animal suffering. A Few Last Zoology Research Paper Tips to Avoid Common Errors When you use Latin Names (you’re going to deal with a lot of those when working on any Zoology project), it’s highly important to pay due attention to the formatting of those when using Latin: Ecology issues: Species and genus of every organism should be always underlined or provided in italics. Species is not capitalized while genus is always capitalized. For instance: Pomacea canaliculata. Molecular issues: The formatting specifications for genes and their products tend to vary from species to species. Make sure to use the correct formatting for the species of interest throughout the project. It is recommended to also consult websites that are devoted to specific species and provide the formatting information, such as The National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Does the Potato Diet Work Learn the Truth Behind This Hyped Health Hack

Does the Potato Diet Work Learn the Truth Behind This Hyped Health Hack SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What is the potato diet? Does the potato diet work? Is it healthy? In this total guide to the potato diet or the potato hack, we’ll go over what this diet is, why it’s become so notable recently, and the potato diet results you can expect. We’ll also discuss if the potato diet is healthy, if you should do it, and how to make it go smoothly if you do decide to potato diet. Finally, we’ll provide some potato hack recipes. What Is the Potato Diet? There are several types of potato diets, but they all involve eating cooked potatoes and very little else for a certain amount of time. So the â€Å"potato diet† (or â€Å"potato hack†) is basically what it sounds like- a diet of potatoes! However, not everyone does the potato diet the same way. Because of all the variations out there, there are two major questions you need to ask about any particular potato diet: how long you do the potato diet and exactly what you can eat on the potato diet. How Long Is the Potato Diet? You can do a potato diet for any length of time, but in general, there are two potato diet â€Å"camps†: the short-term potato diet (or the â€Å"potato hack†), and the long-term potato diet. Short term potato diet/potato hack: For short-term weight loss of a few pounds, many people do the â€Å"potato hack,† and only eat potatoes for a short amount of time. The typical length of time is 2-3 days, but some people go up to a week. The idea behind the â€Å"potato hack† is that by completing one every once in awhile, you can maintain a particular weight without long-term super-restrictive dieting. Potato hacking was pioneered by Tim Steele (anchor link), who claims to have based the potato hack on an 1849 diet plan for â€Å"dyspeptics.† Long-term potato diet: For major weight loss over a long period of time, some people will do a potato diet for multiple months at a time. This is what notable Australian potato dieter Andrew Taylor did- he went an entire year eating only potatoes, plus a few seasonings. The potato says, "look deep into my eyes..." What Can I Eat on the Potato Diet? Sadly, potato chips, french fries, mashed potatoes with lots of cream and butter, and other high-fat, high-salt potato foods are not allowed on any potato diets. Other than that, there’s a surprising amount of variation in potato diet plans. This variation tends to have three types: First, there’s variation in what kinds of potatoes you can eat. In some potato diets, you eat nothing but cooked white potatoes. Some allow you to eat the skin, and some have you peel the potatoes. (Note that the potato skin does have lots of nutrients and fiber). Some potato diets allow you to eat any variety of cooked potato: white, russet, gold, new, fingerling, blue, red, and so on and so forth. There are even potato diet plans that allow you to include sweet potatoes and yams. In fact, some variations have you consume an all-sweet potato diet! Second, there’s variation in what oils and seasonings are allowed. Some potato diets hold to a strict no-seasonings and no oils rule- just plain potatoes. There are potato diets that allow small amounts of low-calorie seasonings (like spices and hot sauces) but no oils or other add-ins. Some potato diets let you use small amounts of healthy oils (like olive oil) and non-dairy milks (for mashed potatoes). Just so long as you aren’t adding lots of high-calorie and/or high-fat ingredients to your potatoes (like heaping your baked potato with cheese and sour cream), the granular particulars of the seasonings you consume on your potato diet probably don’t make a huge difference in the outcome. Third, there’s variation in how you are allowed to cook the potatoes. Super-strict potato diets may allow you to eat only boiled potatoes, or put you on a 100% baked potato diet! Others allow you some flexibility to bake, roast, saute, or boil potatoes as you please, just so long as you meet the other guidelines about oils and seasonings. Note that there are usually beverage restrictions on a potato diet, too. Water, coffee, and tea (without milk or sugar) are the most commonly allowed beverages. You won’t be doing much good if you’re eating only potatoes but drinking a gallon of Coke every day! No potato casserole for you on this diet! Who’s Doing the Potato Diet? The potato diet movement has circulated in Paleo diet circles, with many Paleo bloggers giving rave potato diet reviews. This is actually a departure from the typical Paleo focus on lots of meat. There have also been some high-profile potato dieters in recent years. Here’s a rundown of the biggest figures in the potato diet world: Australian man Andrew Taylor ate only potatoes for a year. In the first month of his all-potato diet, he lost 22 pounds; over the course of the year, he went from weighing 334.4 pounds (151.7 kg) to 218 pounds (99 kg). He says that he began the diet as a way to combat his out-of-control food addiction. According to Taylor, he got 99% of his calories from potatoes (including sweet potatoes) and only 1% from seasonings and spices (and, apparently, the occasional beer). He’s since written a book called DIY Spud Fit to help other prospective long-term potato dieters. None other than magician Penn Jillette (of Penn Teller fame) kick-started a year-long, 100-pound weight loss regime by eating nothing but five skinless potatoes a day for two weeks. He lost 18 pounds during that two-week period. Afterwards, he transitioned to a â€Å"nutritarian diet† and lost 100 pounds over the course of a year. He, too, has written a book about his weight-loss experience, called Presto! How I Made 100 Pounds Disappear and Other Magical Tales. Chris Voigt, the Potato Commissioner of Washington State, spent 60 days eating 20 potatoes a day to try to prove that potatoes are healthier than people give them credit for. He included some oil, salt, and seasonings. While he wasn’t trying to lose weight, he did lose 21 pounds and saw some other nutritional benefits. Tim Steele, creator of the potato hack, is another notable potato diet figure. He believes that potato hacking helps the gut microbiome to become more diverse and that this helps digestion. He has an entire blog and a self-published book dedicated to potato hacking. Mr. Squiggles is also considering the potato diet. Does the Potato Diet Work? Can eating potatoes and nothing but potatoes really lead to weight loss? What are the potato diet results you can expect? After all, potatoes are very starchy and typically avoided by dieters. Surprisingly, it seems like the potato diet can lead to weight loss. You probably noticed that most of the potato diet proponents mentioned above experienced some fairly dramatic potato diet results: Andrew Taylor lost over 100 pounds in 12 months. Penn Teller lost 18 pounds in two weeks. Chris Voigt lost 21 pounds in two months. It is clearly possible, then, to lose weight on the potato diet. But why does the potato diet make you lose weight? Weight loss is caused by a caloric deficit- basically, you use more food energy than you take in. For most potato dieters, the diet isn’t about consciously limiting calories. You are supposed to eat (potatoes, of course) whenever you get hungry, and eat until you are full. However, you may go into a caloric deficit (and thus lose weight) on the potato diet for two major reasons: Potatoes keep you full: The potato has an unusually high satiety index. This means that people feel fuller for longer after eating potatoes than almost any other food. If you feel fuller, you won’t need to eat as often. This means you’ll probably eat fewer calories. Fewer calories means you are more likely to go into caloric deficit and use more energy than you are taking in. You’ll get bored of potatoes: Eventually, you will get bored of potatoes, which will also cause you to eat less in quantity and less frequently. You won’t be stuffing yourself with extra bites when you are already stuffed because you’ll be tired of eating potatoes. And you won’t necessarily want to do a whole lot of snacking when your only option is a potato. You may want to commit unspeakable crimes against potatoes by the time you're done potato hacking. Is the Potato Diet Healthy? Of course, just because the potato diet results in weight loss doesn’t mean that the potato diet is actually good for you. While there may be some short-term health benefits to the potato diet, in the long-term, it’s not good for you. Why the Short-Term Potato Diet Could Be Healthy There are a few reasons why a short-term potato diet may have some health benefits: Potatoes Are Pretty Good for You If you’ve dieted before, you may have been told that white potatoes are â€Å"bad† for you. This is not actually true. Lots of what is bad about eating a lot of potatoes does not have anything to do with the potatoes themselves. What do I mean by this? Well, think about the most common potato dishes: potato chips, french fries, mashed potatoes loaded with cream and butter, potato skins, twice-baked potatoes, potato gratins, and so on. These are often fried and full of bad fats and salt, with ingredients like heavy cream, bacon bits, and gobs of cheese. It’s not the potatoes that are the problem here! People say that potatoes have a high glycemic index, but it actually varies depending on the type of potato and how it is cooked. Additionally, glycemic index doesn’t tell the whole nutritional story. Potatoes may be starchier than your average vegetable, but they are still a vegetable, and are packed with valuable nutrients. Just so long as you don’t plan on subsisting only on potatoes for your entire life, eating potatoes for a few days can actually be quite healthy. If you’re doing a sweet potato diet, sweet potatoes have a similar macronutrient profile as regular potatoes (With 7.7% of calories coming from protein, 91.7% from carbs, and only .6% from fat). However, they have more sugars and less starch, and a different spread of micronutrients (including huge quantities of Vitamin A). It turns out potatoes are lot healthier when you don't fry them in oil or slather them in butter, cream, and cheese. Who knew? You Aren’t Eating Unhealthy Fats and Sugars In addition to being surprisingly nutritious on their own, eating nothing but potatoes has another benefit: if you’re eating only potatoes, you aren’t eating all of the unhealthy sugars and fats you would normally eat. The typical American diet is very unhealthy. Even people who are trying to eat right are often surprised to find how many of their foods contain added sugars. So, by doing the potato diet, you are naturally cutting out lots of unhealthy foods you might normally consume. Of course, the potato diet is far from the only way to do this, but it is a health benefit. You can see the impact of this in Chris Voigt’s two-month potato diet: his bad cholesterol, blood glucose, and triglyceride levels all went down. This was likely due to a combination of potatoes’ heart-disease fighting qualities and the lack of intake of unhealthy fats and sugars during this time. You Can Change Your Relationship to Food Even a short-run potato diet can help you adjust your relationship to food. It can help you realize things like how often you eat when you’re bored or tired and how often you crave particular unhealthy foods. If you can push through the first couple days, you will likely find that your cravings decrease and you have a better sense of when you are hungry and when you are full. Another potential benefit of a short-term potato diet is that it can help you transition to a healthier diet afterwards. After eating nothing but potatoes for several days, pretty much any other foods will feel like a luxurious treat. So it’s a good chance to try to start some healthy habits after the potato hack. (Don’t be too restrictive- more on that below. But consider implementing some smaller changes like preparing healthier breakfasts without added sugars, eating fruits and veggies for snacks, and cutting down on sugary beverages.) Look at all the sweet, beautiful vegetables you can eat when you're done with your potato hack. Why the Potato Diet Is Unhealthy in the Long Run While potato hacking occasionally may have some health benefits, in the long run, the potato diet is not very good for you. Nutritionists’ potato diet reviews are not good. Here's why: Essential Nutrient Deficits While potatoes are much healthier than people typically believe they are, no one food can provide all of the essential nutrients you need for life indefinitely. Any mono diet (a diet where you consume only one thing) leads to long-term nutritional deficits. If you consume only potatoes, about 92% of your calories will come from carbs, 1% from fats, and 7% from protein. That’s not enough fat or protein. Fat is essential for brain function, and protein is essential for muscle function, the immune system, hair and nail strength, and bone health. You will also end up with micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrients (like vitamins and minerals) play a key role in lots of our body functions, including immune function. Nutritionist Alyosa Hourigan pointed to the lack of bio-available iron in potatoes as a major issue with Andrew Taylor’s year of spuds. And iron deficiency leads to anemia. If you’re doing a sweet potato diet, note that long-term, you may end up with excess Vitamin A. Lost Muscle Mass Remember how we just said protein is essential for muscle function? Without enough protein, your muscles will start wasting. So you’ll keep losing weight, but you’ll be losing muscle mass, not fat. And the problem with this is that losing muscle mass lowers your metabolism. And a lower metabolism means weight loss becomes even harder to maintain. When you do lose weight, it’s important that you try to preserve as much muscle as possible. This helps your weight loss be more healthy and sustainable. Disordered Eating Patterns A short-term potato diet can act as a useful â€Å"reset† to some of your unhealthy eating habits. However, long-term potato dieting is so restrictive that it becomes its own kind of unhealthy eating habit! Eating only one food (like potatoes) or food group (like fruits) long-term is called a mono diet or monotrophic diet and is a recent fad in the dieting world. One major figure in the mono-diet world is Freelee the Banana girl, who regularly eats over 30 bananas a day. But this sort of mono dieting long-term can promote an unhealthy relationship with food, because it doesn’t actually build healthy eating habits- it just removes the element of choice completely from the equation, instead of helping you learn how to create healthy meals and snacks. Overall, it’s much better to address your underlying issues with your relationship with food instead of transitioning to another disordered eating pattern, even if it’s nominally â€Å"healthier† and causing weight loss. You're doing the potato diet for six months? But why? Should You Do the Potato Diet? Based on the available evidence of its long-term nutritional harms, I can’t recommend doing a long-term potato diet. Even if you are able to lose lots of weight on this diet, the truth is that in the long run, most restrictive diets do not work. People usually regain the lost weight. While Penn Jillette and Andrew Taylor had some pretty dramatic potato diet before and after stories, it’s too early to see if their major weight losses will last. For long-term healthy weight loss, you need to make gradual, sustainable changes to your food habits and physical activities. This doesn’t mean that you can’t use a short â€Å"potato hack† to help kick cravings and start out a new food regimen. You just have to remember that you will have to maintain sustained changes in your food choices once the potato diet is over. If you don’t plan carefully and create a long-term diet that you can live with, you run the risk of returning to unhealthy eating habits as soon as the potato diet is over and just regaining all the weight. Another reason to do a short potato hack is to lose a little weight quickly for a big event. This is fine just so long as you realize that you almost certainly will not keep the weight off if you don’t make other lifestyle changes. The potato diet: little-known red carpet preparation secret? Potato Diet Plans: How to Make a Potato Diet Work If you’ve decided to try potato hacking, how can you make the process go smoothly? Here are three tips to help you make a potato or sweet potato diet plan: Note: If you are worried about your eating habits, I suggest that you speak with a nutritionist instead of attempting a long-term potato diet. However, most of these tips for short-term potato hacking would also apply to a long-term potato diet. Choose an Optimal Time to Potato Hack Profound misery should not be the main impact of your potato hack. Starting a short-term potato diet around Christmas or other holidays, right before your birthday, during a vacation, or during any time where there is likely to be lots of social celebration involving food is not a good idea. First, you are really hampering your chances of successfully completing the hack. Second, even if you can bring yourself to finish it, all of the built-up temptation and frustration from seeing lots of yummy foods really increases the risk of binging on junk immediately after finishing. This completely negates the point of potato hacking in the first place. Remember, for the potato diet to really work, it has to be accompanied by long-term, sustainable changes in what you eat. Buy Enough Potatoes Because potatoes are cheap and keep for a while, it makes sense to buy enough potatoes for the entire hack before starting. You can invest in a variety of potato types, or go all in on one kind. This way you won’t have to run to the store- and right into the heart of temptation- mid-potato-hack. Tim Steele, potato hack pioneer, says you should plan to go through 3-5 pounds of potatoes a day. Cook Some Potatoes in Advance Cook a bunch of potatoes the day before you start your potato hack. You could bake some, or boil some, or both. This way you will have a ready-made stock of potatoes to come back to throughout your hack that you don’t have to spend time preparing. It will also save time if you want to make something like mashed potatoes, potato pancakes, or hash browns, because the first step will already be done. You don’t necessarily have to cook enough potatoes for the entire hack at the beginning, but having a ready stock will make the entire experience more convenient and less onerous. Eating nothing but potatoes is tedious enough; no need to compound the boredom by having to painstakingly boil, bake, or roast potatoes before every single meal. Plan Ahead for Meals and Snacks Plan ahead? You may be thinking. Why would I need to plan my meals ahead? I already know I’ll be eating potatoes! To make the potato hack work, you need to have cooked potatoes ready and with you when you need them. This means that you need to pack potatoes for your lunch and for snacks when you leave for work or school in the morning. If you have access to a microwave, you may be able to quick-bake a potato on the premises. You also need to call ahead at restaurants and make sure they can prepare something like a plain baked potato for you. (It’s probably easiest to just avoid restaurants while you are potato hacking, but sometimes it can’t be helped.) Free fourth tip: you might want to wash those potatoes. Potato Diet Recipes Looking for some potato hack recipes? We’ve compiled several potato diet recipes you can use with little adjustment. Note that for these potato hack recipes, it’s important to choose the right potato for what you are making. We even have a couple of sweet potato diet recipes! The Baked Potato- From Low Fat Vegan Chef This oil-free baked potato recipe is potato hack friendly! They recommend russet potatoes, which is the classic baking potato. The Boiled Potato- From Better Homes and Gardens This guide to boiling potatoes provides advice on selecting and preparing your potatoes for boiling. Oven Baked Fries- From This Rawsome Vegan Life These oil-free oven-baked fries are baked on parchment paper. They are seasoned with garlic powder, black pepper, and lemon juice, but you can adjust to best fit your own potato hack. Dairy-Free Mashed Potatoes- From Forks Over Knives This potato-hack-friendly mashed potato recipe uses the starchy cooking water from boiling the potatoes to moisten the mash. Baked Potato Pancakes/Latkes- From Plants Rule This recipe for oven-baked potato pancakes recommends using potato starch as a binding agent for the latkes- perfect for an all-potato diet! Oil-Free Hash Browns- From Straight Up Food With a nonstick pan, oil-free hash browns are a breeze! This recipe calls for powdered onion or garlic, but you can season as you please (or not, if your potato hack is seasonings-free). Potato Wedges- From SF Gate This recipe has you adhere spices with citrus or vinegar to avoid using oil, so you may need to skip it if you’re totally seasonings-free on your potato hack. Otherwise, it’s a great potato diet recipe! Healthy Sweet Potato Fries- From the Road Not Processed This sweet potato fries recipe finishes cooking the fries under the broiler to get some caramelization. The author suggests some seasonings, but these are not necessary. Sweet Potato Latkes- From Skinny Taste These latkes use eggs as a binding agent and a small amount of oil, so this is only appropriate for a more flexible potato hack. However, you could also try substituting sweet potatoes in any of the above potato recipes (including the latke recipe) and see how it goes. Mmm, a conservatively spiced potato! The Bottom Line on Potato Diets During a potato diet or potato hack, you consume primarily potatoes for some designated length of time (with some variation in seasonings, potato varieties, and cooking methods). Some people do longer potato diets for major weight loss, while others do short term potato hacks for a few days to help maintain a particular weight or lose a few pounds before an event. Does the potato diet work? An all-potato diet results in weight loss for two major reasons: Potatoes keep you full for longer, so you eat less You get bored of potatoes, so you eat less But is it healthy? A short term potato hack may have the following benefits: Potatoes are actually pretty healthy. Because you’re eating potatoes, you aren’t eating all the other fats and sugars you would normally eat. The monotony of a potato diet may help you change your relationship to food- you will get a better sense of when you are full, and when you are eating because you are bored. However, a long-term potato diet is unhealthy for the following reasons: Over time, you’ll develop major nutrient deficits. With a lack of protein, you’ll have muscle wasting, which will slow down your metabolism. Mono diets can actually contribute to an unhealthy relationship with food instead of addressing it. The truth is that most diets don’t work in the long run. For a diet to really be effective, you need to make manageably and sustainable changes. So while a short-term potato hack is potentially a useful tool to kick-start some dietary habit changes or to lose some weight fast for an event, a long-term potato diet is too restrictive to work for most people. If you do decide to potato hack, here are some tips to help with your potato diet plan: Choose a good time to potato hack when it won’t be too difficult to stay on track. Buy enough potatoes at the start of the hack to last you through the hack (3-5 lbs/day) Cook some potatoes in advance of starting the hack. Plan when you’ll need potato snacks and meals (like work lunches) in advance. Finally, we provided some potato hack recipes to help you prepare for a potato hack. Happy hacking! Potatoes, potatoes everywhere. What's Next? Thinking about the potato diet because you're worried about your heart health? See our guide to understanding your blood pressure, learn what side of your body your heart is on, and figure out what you should do if you're feeling pain under your left breast. The potato diet could really change up your digestion. Let us tell you what green poop means. Curious about what other household ingredients can do for you? We can tell you about all the benefits of black seed oil and let you know how coconut oil can make your hair beautiful.

Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Critical Thinking - Essay Example These mistakes manifest themselves in their reasoning, biases, prejudices distortions, vested interest and self-interest. In this context, the paper critically evaluates Mr Herman Good Eagle’s routine in an attempt to try and figure out the obstacles that significantly contribute to his lateness. Subsequently, critically thought solutions will also be put forward in order to enable Mr Herman manage his time efficiently. Sometimes, being late is a way of life for some people. They happen to think that they have more time in their hands than is really available. This kind of thinking is both detrimental to an individual. For example, due to poor time management Mr Herman risks losing his job. To figure out the factors contributing to Mr Herman not keeping time, his route map will be analysed systematically. Also, Mr Herman’s causes might be technical. This means that he is bad at estimating or approximating how long events/things take. As illustrated, the consequences of running late mostly run deeper than most people (Banai, 1988). People will tend not to trust an individual who is always chronically late. As such, the individual will have a negative reputation which consequently will affect relationships. A lot of factors contribute to making Mr Herman late. First, Mr Herman seems to be waking a little bit late than is expected.

Can Go Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Can Go - Essay Example Marketing strategy is needed to be fulfilled by marketing director who should take care into account the product itself, the price for the product, its promotion and distribution. CanGo regularly renew their market strategy in order to keep the competitive advantage. Target market is classified into segments, which are psychographic, demographic and geographic, product related and behavioral. When the target market is identified, the company should build the right strategy to reach this market. There are many strategies but I would like to overview the one offered by Roger Best: â€Å"Select the target audience – the customers are grouped based on similar needs and benefits sought by them on purchase of a product. Identify clusters of similar needs – demographics, lifestyle, usage behavior and pattern used to differentiate between segments. Apply a valuation approach – market growth, barriers to entry, market access, switching, etc. are used. Test the segments à ¢â‚¬â€œ A segment storyboard is to be created to test the attractiveness of each segment’s positioning strategy. Lastly, modify marketing mix – expanding segment positioning strategy to include all aspects of marketing mix (Identify Target Market)†. Such strategy can help CanGo review its target market, advertising and pricing to satisfy the customers’ needs. Jack’s Memo: Employee and Product Flows in the Current Warehouse Layout. Retrieved May 28, 2014 from

Maoism in China Essay Example for Free

Maoism in China Essay Generally, the Communist system in the Soviet Union and in China are practically identical politically, economically, with the reciprocal purges ect†¦ However, Mao Tse-Tung and Stalin did not see eye to eye on many things and Maoism is considered today by most people to be a more developed stage of Marxism-Leninism. This is because of the historical and cultural background of China and because of her geographical position and climate which affects society. Contrary to Russia, Communism developed in the countryside instead of in the cities. Thus it was a peasants revolution rather than, as predicted by Karl Marx, a workers revolution. The cities in China were at the beginning, anti-Communist. The Chinese absorption of Marxism was highly selective. China took from Marxism those aspects which best suited the Chinese situation rather than force the Chinese situation to fit an overachieving ideology. Thus Marxism was to be the servant of the Chinese Revolution. Mao Tse-Tung believed that adherence to pure Marxist theory would be suicidal and concluded that proletarian revolution based upon the urban areas was impossible in China since 80 percent of the people were peasants. Due to the warmer climate and more fertile land, peasantry was more popular in China. This pragmatic solution led to the Revolution starting in the rural areas. The most important difference between Stalin and Mao is the comprehension of the word proletariat. The Russians believed it meant, as Marx had, the industrial workers while the Chinese, by lack of sufficient workers, understood it as the peasantry. The Great Leap Forward where everyone was put to work was another Maoist characteristic. For 100 days each year, the peasants were not working in the fields so Mao set them up to work in the off-season harvest after 1957. Millions of men and women were put to work in winter, digging irrigation ditches and canals, preparing railroads and laying track. Then the backyard furnace was invented and 600 000 small steel establishments were set up.  The object was to overtake Britain in steel production. However, when the peasants left their land to work on the industrial projects, the lands suffered. So more changes were made. In some communes, men and women were separated to increase their productivity by cutting down socialising. On February 27th 1957, Mao was feeling very positive about all that he had done so he decided to loosen the straps on the Chinese people. He introduced the hundred flowers campaign where he encouraged arts, sciences and a flourishing socialist culture in our land. Different forms and styles in art should develop freely. It seemed he was encouraging free thought and criticism of the system. After only six weeks though, Maos open invitation brought a real storm of furious criticism from the intellectual community who believed the chairman was sincere. This infuriated Mao who was expecting positive feedback and in April 1957 a rectification campaign had begun to eliminate the triple evils: subjectivism, sectarianism, and bureaucratism. The party members and Mao believed to be above criticism so a purge of intellectuals began. The Cultural Revolution is perhaps the greatest difference between Stalinism and Maoism and was entirely set up by Mao Tse-Tung. He has been called insane many times for the crazy extent which the Cultural Revolution took and for the lasting and devastating effects it continues to have. Mao favoured the word, destruction when he promoted the Cultural Revolution; he preached that he had to destroy an old system of production, an old ideology and old customs first. He thought that once the ideology had been established, productivity would follow in a revolution. Although the bourgeoisie has been overthrown, it is still trying to use the old ideas, culture, customs and habits of the exploiting classes to corrupt the masses, capture their minds and endeavour to stage a comeback. The proletariat must do the exact opposite: it must deal merciless blows and meet head-on every challenge of the bourgeoisie in the ideological field and use the new ideas, culture, customs and habits of the proletariat to change the mental outlook of the whole of society. At present, our objective is to struggle against and overthrow those persons in authority who are taking the  capitalist road, to criticize and repudiate the reactionary bourgeois academic authorities and the ideology of the bourgeoisie and all other exploiting classes and to transform education, literature and art and all other parts of the superstructure not in correspondence with the socialist economic base, so as to facilitate the consolidation and development of the socialist system. Fifteen years after the success of the Revolution, Mao saw his new society as troubled, he had destroyed the old ruling class, but had established two new ones: the intelligentsia and the bureaucracy. Mao had turned against the intelligentsia after the hundred flowers campaign but had not finished destroying them. When he saw the Soviet Unions new aristocracy with their dachas and limousines, he set out to destroy the establishment he had created. Always one to manipulate the masses, he turned towards the youth for a new society by creating the Red Guard, an army of children. They were sanctioned by the highest authority, Mao himself and were bent on destruction. In essence, the children destroyed anything which did not appeal to them, although the initial target was to destroy the four olds: ideas, culture, customs and habits. They travelled in bands for mutual protection and inspiration, destroyed stores and restaurants and attacked however they desired. The Red Guards were divided by family background: poor peasants against well-to-do peasants, peasants against workers, and the children of army officers. The next step of the Cultural Revolution came in January 1967 when Mao replaced the officials all over China by young people with no experience and no common sense. Then universities, middle schools and primary schools closed down. This was called the period of the terror. The only young people to receive an education were the children of intellectuals who were taught by relatives and parents. Mao tried to destroy the education process which was disastrous for China as specialist, technicians ect†¦ were indispensable for the development of a country, and in this case, they were dismantled. However, he changed his mind in 1978 and sent in the Peoples Liberation Army to desman the Red Guard. Maos theory of constant revolution to avoid the forming of classes is the major separation with Leninism and Marxism. It was under these conditions that the most earthshaking political event and the largest mass mobilization the Earth has ever seen took place. This is how Chairman Mao defined its objectives: The current Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is absolutely necessary and most timely for consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat, preventing capitalist restoration and building socialism. Maos Communism focuses especially on the particular interest for China and this by rejecting foreign intervention. The only use for foreign involvement is to insure Chinese security, economy†¦ He believes in Chinese Communism first, and not in World Communism. However, China supports people threatened by oppression which explains their expansion policy. Indeed, China has expanded her territory by invading the Tibet, fighting Korea. China has refused economic aid, except for trade with the Soviet Union which represented only 2 percent of Chinese investments. China developed its own brand of Communism to suit its needs and similarly to Stalinism, was dictated by only one man, who had the power to decide anything he desired.

The Computer Evolution :: Essays Papers

The Computer Evolution "Who controls the past commands the future. Who commands the future conquers the past." -George Orwell The computer evolution has been an amazing one. There have been astonishing achievements in the computer industry, which dates back almost 2000 years. The earliest existence of the computer dates back to the first century, but the electronic computer has only been around for over a half-century. Throughout the last 40 years computers have changed drastically. They have greatly impacted the American lifestyle. A computer can be found in nearly every business and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). Our Society relies critically on computers for almost all of their daily operations and processes. Only once in a lifetime will a new invention like the computer come about. The fist computer, known as the abacus, was made of wood and parallel wires on which beads were strung. Arithmetic operations were performed when the beads were moved along the wire according to â€Å"programming† rules that had to be memorized by the user (Soma, 14). The second earliest computer, invented by Blaise Pascal in 1694, was a â€Å"digital calculating machine.† Pascal designed this first known digital computer to help his father, who was a tax collector. Pascal’s computer could only add numbers, and they had to be entered by turning dials (Soma, 32). It required a manual process like its ancestor, the abacus. Automation was introduced in the early 1800’s by a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage. He created an automatic calculation machine that was steam powered and stored up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Unlike its two earliest ancestors, Babbage’s invention was able to perform various operations. It relied on cards with hole s punched in them, which are called â€Å"punch cards.† These cards carried out the programming and storing operations for the machine. Unluckily, Babbage’s creation flopped due to the lack of mechanical precision and the lack of demand for the product (Soma, 46). The machine could not operate efficiently because technology was t adequate to make the machine operate efficiently Computer interest dwindled for many years, and it wasn’t until the mid-1800’s that people became interested in them once again. Between 1850 and 1900, the mathematics and physics fields began advancing. The advancements involved extremely arduous calculations and formulas that took a great deal of time when done manually. The Computer Evolution :: Essays Papers The Computer Evolution "Who controls the past commands the future. Who commands the future conquers the past." -George Orwell The computer evolution has been an amazing one. There have been astonishing achievements in the computer industry, which dates back almost 2000 years. The earliest existence of the computer dates back to the first century, but the electronic computer has only been around for over a half-century. Throughout the last 40 years computers have changed drastically. They have greatly impacted the American lifestyle. A computer can be found in nearly every business and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). Our Society relies critically on computers for almost all of their daily operations and processes. Only once in a lifetime will a new invention like the computer come about. The fist computer, known as the abacus, was made of wood and parallel wires on which beads were strung. Arithmetic operations were performed when the beads were moved along the wire according to â€Å"programming† rules that had to be memorized by the user (Soma, 14). The second earliest computer, invented by Blaise Pascal in 1694, was a â€Å"digital calculating machine.† Pascal designed this first known digital computer to help his father, who was a tax collector. Pascal’s computer could only add numbers, and they had to be entered by turning dials (Soma, 32). It required a manual process like its ancestor, the abacus. Automation was introduced in the early 1800’s by a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage. He created an automatic calculation machine that was steam powered and stored up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Unlike its two earliest ancestors, Babbage’s invention was able to perform various operations. It relied on cards with hole s punched in them, which are called â€Å"punch cards.† These cards carried out the programming and storing operations for the machine. Unluckily, Babbage’s creation flopped due to the lack of mechanical precision and the lack of demand for the product (Soma, 46). The machine could not operate efficiently because technology was t adequate to make the machine operate efficiently Computer interest dwindled for many years, and it wasn’t until the mid-1800’s that people became interested in them once again. Between 1850 and 1900, the mathematics and physics fields began advancing. The advancements involved extremely arduous calculations and formulas that took a great deal of time when done manually.

Enviromental Effects of Air Pollution and the Urban Area

Air pollution has been and is a growing environmental problem that is closely related to the growth of urban settlements. While the cities and towns of the world grow larger they emit more and more toxic emissions are put out into the air. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues that surround air pollution such as the long term impacts of air pollution, the short term impacts of air pollution, the long term outlook of air pollution, the short term outlook of air pollution and the potential solutions to the air pollution problem. Air pollution is an environmental problem that affects each and every one of us to some degree and it is important to understand why air pollution happens and how we can take steps to control it. Air pollution has a direct connection with urban environments all over the world. With an increase in industrialized countries ,the of use of cars, factories and also the use of fuels such as fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gasses, like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, into the air, there has been a definite rise in air pollution over the world (Mayer, 1999). There are many short term effects that air pollution causes to the urban areas and to the people who are living in those areas. The first short term effect of air pollution is that it can cause health issues for the inhabitants of the area. Air pollution can cause the inhabitants to get itchy throats and irritated eyes. It also has been linked to causes bronchitis and pneumonia (Silverman, et al, 2007). Short term air pollution exposer can also cause an increase the rate of allergy infections and asthma diagnosis to the people who live in the area. The short term effects on environment range from smog clouds can cause the health issues, like the ones previously mentioned (Silverman, et al, 2007). There are also long term effects of air pollutions that are very serious to the environment and the people who live in high polluted areas. Long term air pollution exposer can have devastating effects on the health of the people who live in the area. Some of the health risks that have been linked to long term exposer consist of chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and damage to the brain, kidney’s or liver (Mayer, 1999). Children who are living in a highly polluted area risk developing theses diseases at a higher rate the normal children who do not have long term exposed to air pollution. Long term air pollution also has devastating effects on the environment. One of the more serious effects is that air pollution is slowly deteriorating the Ozone layer. The Ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and it plays an important role in protecting the earth from the suns ultraviolent rays. Due to the increase in greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, the Ozone has developed holes and this allows harmful ultraviolet B-radiation to reach the earth. The increase of B-radiation is harmful to humans, plants and animals, and it is a known cause of Melanoma. The increase of B-radiation is always extremely harmful to plants. It causes a decrease in plant growth, height and damage to the leaves of plants (Tong, 2011). There are some potential ways to reduce, but not fully solve, the air pollution problem that is effect most urban areas. One of the ways that the countries around the world have decided to reduce air pollution was in 1997 at a United Nations conference in Kyoto, Japan. During the conference countries signed a treaty, the Kyoto Protocol promising to combat global warming by reducing the emission s of harmful greenhouse gasses that a produced my industrial factories. Unfortunately, claiming that that the treaty was not in the best interest for their county, the United States did not sign the treaty (Murray, 2001). Another potential way to reduce air pollution is through technology advancement. Using the new technologies to replace fossil fuels, such as coal burning and oil use, would substantial lower the gas emissions that cause air pollution and eventually cause the ozone layer to deplete. The short term outlook of air pollution on urban society is somewhat hopeful. Many cities and countries have begun or are beginning to take action in reducing the amount of pollution that is released into the air by the industries, cars and citizens. Many cities have started using different sources of energy, like solar power, in place of the fossil fuel energy sources that are the main contributors to air pollution. The long term outlook of air pollution is that, with many countries pledging to reduce the pollution over the coming years, the levels of air pollution will be lower in the future. Unfortunately, there is much debate over how greenhouse gases affect the ozone layer and global warming. Until this debate is over and people can agree, not enough action will be taken to help reduce the air pollution in the urban setting.

Media ethics in advertising

Media ethics is defined as, the norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about the conduct of dealing with particular ethical principles applied by the media organizations, while advertising ethics is an emotional process that is normally applied by the media organizations to reach the general public, with a core objective of creating persuasion to the audiences to take a particular action on a particular product or event being advertised.Although there are no laws governing the communication process carried out by most advertising agencies, the media organisation pursuing the advertisements are basically regulated by the self organisation so as to ,maintain the standards and reputation of the media organisation to the public. The advertising media may include; advertising agencies, news papers, films, television stations and radio stations depending on the preferences of the product manufactures.[1]In this case, we find that most businessmen use the media as their mea ns of promoting their products to the market, through advertising, which is said to increase the audiences’ need for consuming particular products that are presented by the media, and its through this advertising that the society is notified of the presence of a new product in the market, we see that once a product is bought, another product emerges in the market. Therefore, advertising is used to influence the decision making process of a particular audience to purchase a particular product due to desires created by the media through its attractive presentation of the products quality.In this case, the audiences are said to be a major factor in median advertising communication, since it is through the audiences that the conveying and sourcing of information by the media for business organizations is made successful. The media itself regards the audience as being passive in the interpretation of media messages. And it is in this messages that the media gets the power to influ ences the audience. These audiences can be noticed by the specific needs that are always specific, whereby they are forced to look upon the media so as they can derive their satisfaction.[2]The audiences are therefore, forced to tolerate various advertising information done by the media depending on their desire to fulfill their specified needs.   Personality under this, we find that the audience have the urge of using the advertisements on the media wanting to compare themselves with other people in the society, or even compare their lifestyle and situations with others so that they can identify their status in the society, therefore they are forced to watch, read or listen to particular media items despite the fact that they are adverts.The need for dependency makes the audience to be looking upon the media to be given information about the events taking place and the products present in the market globally, so they have to tolerate the messages by the media so as they get the i nformation about a particular event taking place. In this case we find that the audience read, listen and interpret the message depending on their socio-economic class, gender, age, education and their ethnic backgrounds, in this manner we find that they are influenced by the media to carry out a particular action or even to copy the concepts of life shown in the message that is put across to them through advertisements.We see that the audience is made aware of the product and how they are to obtain it. Awareness is a stage where a consumer or the audience must have the knowledge of the existence of a particular product in the market, this is because, if a buyer is not aware of the product then there will be no action taken on the purchasing process and the business owner is likely to undergo losses due to lack of the market for its product. The media also creates interest to the audience about a particular product, he intends to buy, and therefore, he is persuaded by the content of the message presented by the media that the product is relevant to his needs.[3]Through the media, understanding is imposed on the audience whereby, the consumer should be able to know how the particular product will meet his needs, thus the media includes the benefits and the procedures of using a particular product, under this, and the media practices its role of educating its audience. Media ethics plays a major role in the creation of attitude of the audiences; under this, the consumer must be able to develop a positive feeling towards the product, depending on the persuasive message given by the media about the product. And finally we see that the audience is led to the purchase of the product, although it may take some time later after trying to get the shop that stocks the favorite this also enriches both the business and the media when the goods are sold.So, most media houses take this advantage of their presentation of the product to give various products false information so that, it may get its awareness by the audience. We find the advertisers use various methods to influence the society at large, this include:Disinformation is the passing of false information by the media. This act include   the giving out of counterfeit information or photographs   about a particular product, with an intention of misleading the audience by convincing them to believe the untruth statements, so that they engage in a particular activity so as the source of the particular information may benefit.This practice is not only practiced by the business owners, but it is also used by various political leaders and the government, who influence the media organizations to disseminate certain information that is meant to undermine other leaders in the government and through this, we find that the audience are led to take an action depending on the message given to them by the media who are surely, aware that the information included in the advertisement is not true.   Th is is usually referred to as false advertising in which the advertising agencies use a deliberate untrue statement to gain a profitable advantage; under this many consumers are persuaded to engage in business transactions or activities that will fulfill the need of the advertisement.[4]The business owners are said to using the following methods to influence the consumers to purchase their products this includes: Pricing Methods; this is the most applied practice by most business owners, it is said to be the prime way to deceit consumers into paying more than the advertised price, we find that, they advertise a particular sale price and when one gets to the shop he finds that the price is not the exact advertised price in the media.The other method applied by the business men is the introductory offer, this applied only for a period of time, where we see that when a new product is brought into the market, there is always an introductory offer to the consumers and after the expiry of the introductory time, the consumers who had accepted the first offer are not noticed on the changes and they are found to be buying the products thus benefiting the producers. The intention for this is to have the consumers to get used to the first offer whereby they continue buying the products without the knowledge of an increase in the price; this practice is usually used on the selling of electronic appliances.The other deceptive method used by the advertisers is the; misrepresentation; this is a situation where, a particular product is given some descriptive values that it actually doesn’t carry, this is mainly used to mislead the consumers that a particular product posses, an example of this is the case where most consumers were misled by a message showing that a higher level of animal care is provided, than was actually the case by the United Egg Producers’ logo on egg cartons   which said â€Å"Animal Care Certified† [5]Other producers are better know n for misleading their consumers by the use of over sizing and under sizing the packages of the products, we find that most of the packages are packed leaving some vacant spaces at the top, this is basically found in products that are normally packed in cans and this character is not noticed until it is purchased and opened by the consumer, this is mostly deceptive where the consumer is convinced that the weight and size of the product is worth the money he is paying for the product.This method is deceptive in a manner that we find that the packaging is of the same size but it carries a less product than before. Thus the consumers continue buying the products knowing that the quantity of the product is still the same as it was in the beginning, and the unethical practices appears when the label on the product is changed to be a sign of the new amount of the product, but it is always presented in a manner that is not easily noticeable.Sexuality is another concept used by most busines ses whereby, it is argued that this method is the most effective for drawing the consumers’ immediate interest, holding it and, in the long run, introducing a product that associates with that interest created by the media. In this case we find that various images of pretty women are related to an advertisement which does not accurately connect with the characteristics of the product being advertised.This method is normally used in advertising cosmetic products, whereby the display of sexual acts are highly said to be explicit to the consumers thus enhancing attractive features of the products. The sex appeal may be presented in an electronic media such as the radio, where there is a limitation on visual activities; therefore the advertisers opt to use a voice that reveals a particular emotion after the use of the particular good, while in print and television media the use of sexual images is exclusively used.[6]  Though this advertising may also have some negative impacts on the audience whereby, we may find that the person may not be able to fulfill the desires created in him on the purchasing of that particular good due to the economic status of the audience, then the person ends up creating anxiety, stress and frustration depending on the kind of information given by the media. The media organizations and the business owners are advised to be loyal to its audience and the consumers of their particular products so that they can keep the ethical standards and reputation of their organizations.ReferencesCouldry, N. and Curran, J. (2003): Contesting Media Power, Alternative media in aNetworked world, Lanham and Oxford, Rowman and Littlefield.Christians, C. G. et al. (2004): Media Ethics, Cases & Moral Reasoning; 7th Edn: New York, Allyn and Bacon.Croteau, D. and Hoynes, W. (2000): Media Society: Industries, Images and Audiences,Second Edition, Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge Press.Patterson, P. L.   and Wilkins, C. (2004): Media Ethics, Issues & Cases, 5 th edition: New York, McGraw HillRichards, J. I. (1990): Deceptive Advertising; Erlbaum at p. 20.[1] Richards, J. I. (1990): Deceptive Advertising; Erlbaum at p. 20. [2] Richards, J. I. (1990): Deceptive Advertising; Erlbaum at p. 20. [3] Patterson, P. L.   and Wilkins, C. (2004): Media Ethics, Issues & Cases, 5th   edition: New York, McGraw Hill [4] Patterson, P. L.   and Wilkins, C. (2004): Media Ethics, Issues & Cases, 5th   edition: New York, McGraw Hill [5] Couldry, N. and Curran, J. (2003): Contesting Media Power, Alternative media in a Networked world, Lanham and Oxford, Rowman and Littlefield. [6] Croteau, D. and Hoynes, W. (2000): Media Society: Industries, Images and Audiences, Second Edition, Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge Press.

How to Write a Personal Essay on Favorite Food

How to Write a Personal Essay on Favorite Food Personal essays are ways to offer the reader a glimpse into you and your views. Of course, it still needs a purpose. When writing a personal essay you need to have a certain goal in mind and in order to reach that goal you need to show the reader your views, observations, or experiences. 1. Identify the Purpose In this case, the personal essay is meant not just to entertain your audience but to inform them about your favorite foods. Write out an outline of what items you want to cover in order to achieve your purpose and your thesis statement (in case you don’t know which topic to choose, check out the prepared ones on favorite food). 2. Craft a Topic Sentence for Each Body Paragraph This topic sentence should be a single sentence, much like the thesis, which tells the reader what they will expect to read in the following paragraph (we have prepared for these interesting facts on favorite food that can serve you as the theme for a topic sentence). The goal here is to use keywords found in the original thesis statement and integrate them into the topic sentences such that each topic sentence clearly relates back to your thesis. At the end of each paragraph in your essay you need what is called a transitional sentence. This sentence functions like a bridge, transitioning the reader from the content in one paragraph to the next. Without these transitional sentences, moving between different topics or ideas can seem jagged and choppy. 3. Start Writing the Body Look over your outline and begin one paragraph at a time. When writing out the content of your essay, many students prefer to start with the body. This is often the easiest part to write and because the introduction and conclusion rely so heavily on the information you are presenting in the body, it is best to wait until the body is complete. This will help you avoid wasting time going back and changing the introduction and conclusion as you change around the structure of the body. 4. Write out Your Introduction This is where you place your thesis statement and where you introduce to the reader the different sections you are going to cover within the body of the paper. 5. Make a Conclusion This should be laid out similarly to the introduction in terms of structure. It should restate your thesis and should summarize for the reader what content you presented to them in the body of your paper. It should not simply regurgitate the same sentences as your introduction but instead expound upon them with the additional evidence you included in the body. The conclusion should also be free from new material; never introduce something new in the conclusion that you did not cover in the body. Many students make this mistake because they find interesting facts or ideas which could not be included in the body of their paper because it was not fully fleshed out or perhaps did not fit with the flow. So the students smash it into the conclusion because they desperately want it to be read. If you have something like this, find a way to flesh it out with better evidence, or to write a better transition so it works within the body of your content but never introduce it at the end of your work.

Mass Percentage - Definition and Example

Mass Percentage Mass percentage is one way of representing the concentration of an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. Mass percentage is calculated as the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture, multiplied by 100%. Also Known As: mass percent, (w/w)% Mass Percentage Formula Mass percent is the mass of the element or solute divided by the mass of the compound or solute. The result is multiplied by 100 to give a percent. The formula for the amount of an element in a compound is: mass percent (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / mass of 1 mole of compound) x 100 The formula for a solution is: mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solute plus solvent) x 100 or mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100 The final answer is given as %. Mass Percentage Examples Example 1: Ordinary bleach is 5.25% NaOCl by mass, which means each 100 g of bleach contains 5.25 g NaOCl. Example 2: Find the mass percentage of 6 g sodium hydroxide dissolved in 50 g of water. (Note: since the density of water is nearly 1, this type of question often gives the volume of water in milliliters.) First find the total mass of the solution: total mass 6 g sodium hydroxide 50 g watertotal mass 56 g Now, you can find the mass percentage of the sodium hydroxide using the formula: mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100mass percent (6 g NaOH / 56 g solution) x 100mass percent (0.1074) x 100answer 10.74% NaOH Example 3: Find the masses of sodium chloride and water required to obtain 175 g of a 15% solution. This problem is a bit different because it gives you the mass percentage and asks you to then find how much solute and solvent are needed to yield a total mass of 175 grams. Start with the usual equation and fill in the given information: mass percent (grams solute / grams solution) x 10015% (x grams sodium chloride / 175 g total) x 100 Solving for x will give you the amount of NaCl: x 15 x 175 / 100x 26.25 grams NaCl So, now you know how much salt is needed. The solution consists of the sum of the amount of salt and water. Simply subtract the mass of salt from the solution to obtain the mass of water that is required: mass of water total mass - mass of saltmass of water 175 g - 26.25 gmass of water 147.75 g Example 4: What is the mass percent of hydrogen in water? First, you need the formula for water, which is H2O. Next you look up the mass for 1 mole of hydrogen and oxygen (the atomic masses) using a periodic table. hydrogen mass 1.008 grams per moleoxygen mass 16.00 grams per mole Next, you use the mass percentage formula. The key to performing the calculation correctly is to note there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in each water molecule. So, in 1 mole of water there are 2 x 1.008 grams of hydrogen. The total mass of the compound is the sum of the mass of the two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. mass percent (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / mass of 1 mole of compound) x 100mass percent hydrogen [(2 x 1.008) / (2 x 1.008 16.00)] x 100mass percent hydrogen (2.016 / 18.016) x 100mass percentage hydrogen 11.19%

Marymount University computer lab Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marymount University computer lab - Term Paper Example This part takes 11days of the time schedule with the first week of activity being exclusively the meetings before the process of gathering information on the current system also begins to run concurrently with it for the remaining eight days. The next stage is the discussion and analysis of the risks and the financial requirements of the project. This stage runs for three days as shown in the graphs and charts and begins immediately after requirement gathering stage. The second last activity is the obtainment of the building approvals by the relevant authorities that takes five days. The very last activity is the movement of equipment to the building that also takes five days. This section explains the expenditure throughout the whole project. The financial plan is generally divided into two main parts which are the requirement gathering and development part and the maintenance section. The main focus here is in the development part. The other budget estimation that also experienced a lower actual amount is the Mice budget that was first set for $50 and the actual figure comes up to $40 giving a deference of $10 on the actual estimated values. The other budgets are expected to run in line with the actual budgeted figures as earlier estimated making the schedule more realistic and precise as expected. This gives the entire budget for the project to